BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Mangroves are known to contain tannins, flavonoids, and quinones, which have the potential to be antibacterial, effective even against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Mangroves also have antifungal and antiviral properties. Although, mangroves are known for their use as medicinal ingredients, information regarding symbiont bacteria’, s antibacterial and antifungal potential is still scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to examine symbiont bacteria in the fruit and leaves of Xylocarpus granatum as additional raw materials for anti-acne cosmetic creams and moisturisers. METHODS: Symbiont bacteria were isolated using the pour plate method through Zobell 2216E and incubated for 2 x 24 hours at 27. 5 Celcius degree. Afterwards, 13 isolates were successfully isolated and characterised based on their morphology. Further, everal tests were conducted, including the antibacterial test, antifungal test, molecular identification, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The pathogenic bacteria used in the antibacterial test were Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio harveyi, and Vibrio alginolyticus FINDINGS: The antibacterial test results showed that eight isolates were capable of producing an inhibition zone against S. aureus, seven isolates were positive for antibacterial activity against Vibrio harveyi, and 10 isolates were positive for antibacterial activity against Vibrio alginolyticus. The pathogenic fungi used in the antifungal test were Malassezia furfur and Candida albicans. The antifungal test results demonstrated that six isolates could produce inhibition zones against Malassezia furfur and Candida albicans. Furthermore, molecular identification was carried out on six potential isolates based on the antibacterial and antifungal tests, which were X2. 52, X1. 65, X1. 64, X1. 53, X1. 54, and X1. 63. The molecular identification results revealed the occurrence of four species in the Xylocarpus granatum mangroves, namely, Sinomicrobium oceani, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas khazarica, and Alcaligenes aquatilis. CONCLUSION: The study found that the mangrove symbiont bacteria had antibacterial and antifungal potential. The compound with the highest concentration in six isolates was 9-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester. This type of content has antibacterial potential and is also predicted to have antifungal potential.

The process of chemical teeth whitening has been associated with various side effects, including the development of sensitive teeth and inflammation of the gingival tissues. Strawberries (Fragaria x annanassea) and Ambon banana peels (Musa acuminata) are Natural compounds that can be utilized. Strawberries contain elegic acid and malic acid, while Ambon banana peels contain saponin. The objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of Ambon banana peel and strawberry fruit extract in terms of their ability to whiten teeth. The total of 36 samples consisting of both upper and lower permanent teeth. The proposed work was an experimental laboratory, with pre-post test control group design. Entire sample was submerged in solution of Kintamani Robusta coffee for 12 days in order to examine discoloration. Group 3 (control) was immersion in carbamide peroxide 10%. Group 2 underwent soaking in an Ambon banana peels extract, while Group 1 was subjected to soaking in strawberry fruit extract. Over five days, each group was observed at three-hour intervals. The assessment of tooth color was conducted utilizing a Vitapan shadeguide. The study revealed that tooth discoloration values of 4.75, 7.42, and 3.92 could be attained through the application of strawberry fruit extract, Ambon banana peel extract, and carbamide peroxide 10% for teeth whitening, respectively. Following a soaking period of three hours spread across a span of five days, it has been observed that Ambon banana peel extract exhibits greater efficacy in teeth whitening compared to strawberry fruit extract and carbamide peroxide 10%.

Nature has aesthetics of its own, what can provoke the human mind into better recognizing the concept of beauty via mental perception. As such, human mind can interact with the nonverbal expressions of nature only to better his/her primitive aesthetic knowledge and reach a more novel recognition of aestheticism via the practice of interpretative deduction. This article has been the result of a series of discussions and dialogues between the authors on the nature of aesthetic geotouring and exploring the Natural phenomena based on the Dialectical Method of Socrates and modelled after the Platonic dialogues. The outcome of this dialectic study brings to light the fact that touring in nature through providing the due opportunity for mental perception of aesthetic phenomena can provide a clearer definition of ‘beauty’ in its rich variety. Aesthetic search as such will culminate in forming a more illuminated mental concept of beauty in mind, what can influence human rationale for aesthetic judgment and enrich even more the texture of human aesthetic creation. Such aesthetico-interpretative endeavor might lead to a higher potential for creating more original works of literature and art and culminate in a better judgment about such aesthetic creations.

The purpose of this study was to compare the technique of taking cephalometric radiographs in Natural Head Position (NHP) with slightly changing of the head in the direction of flexion and extension (In the amount of 5 degrees.) 40 Cephalometric head films of 20 cases, all of whom were dental students, were utilized in this study.The cephalograms were divided into two groups. At first lateral cephalometric radiographs in NHP were taken from all of the cases, then another radiograph was taken in extended head position (the head changed 5 degrees upward from NHP position) from cases of group one, and in flexion head position (the head changed 5 degrees downward from NHP position) from cases of the second group. In this study 24 landmarks and 36 variable were evaluated.All radiographs were twice and data captured with a digitizer and computer. Evaluation of the results, which are shown in table I, revealed that 9 of the variable among 36 showed significant differences compared to NHP position, and two of the variable was common between the two groups. However, 27 of the measurments didn't show any significant differences. Considering the fact that one fourth of the landmark measurments which were evaluated in this study showed significant differences during slight extension or flexion of head, taking of lateral cephalometric headfilms in NHP is recommended specially when they are to be used in serial studies or ar taken for research purpose.However, because other 27 measurment (which comprise three fourth of all the measurments) showed no significant changes, we concluded that lateral cephlograms which are not taken in NHP may be used for diagnostic and treatment planning purpose.